Chemoenzymatic Asymmetric Synthesis of Pyridine-Based α-Fluorinated Secondary Alcohols

Fluoro-substituted and heteroaromatic compounds are valuable intermediates for a variety of applications in pharma- and agrochemistry and synthetic chemistry. This study investigates the chemoenzymatic preparation of chiral alcohols bearing a heteroaromatic ring with an increasing degree of fluorination in α-position. Starting from readily available picoline derivatives prochiral α-halogenated acyl moieties were introduced with excellent selectivity and 64–95 % yield. The formed carbonyl group was subsequently reduced to the corresponding alcohols using the alcohol dehydrogenase from Lactobacillus kefir, yielding an enantiomeric excess of 95–>99 % and up to 98 % yield.     

表面活性剂对低渗透油藏渗吸的影响

采用不同类型的表面活性剂进行自发渗吸实验,并对表面活性剂改善岩石润湿性、降低界面张力的能力进行了分析。实验结果表明,阴离子型表面活性剂改善润湿性的能力好于其他类型的表面活性剂,且在岩心中的自发渗吸效果最好,这是由于阴离子型表面活性剂改善润湿性的机理为离子对形成机理,强于阳离子的吸附机理;接触角是决定渗吸能否发生的决定性因素,只有接触角小于70°时渗吸才能发生;界面张力影响渗吸速度和最终采出程度,对于渗透率为1 mD的岩心,最佳界面张力为10~(-1) mN/m。     

弱相互作用调控表面活性剂自组装(Ⅱ)——表面活性剂的结构与设计

介绍了表面活性剂的结构、性质以及分类,综述了阴离子表面活性剂、阳离子表面活性剂、两性离子表面活性剂、非离子表面活性剂的分子间弱相互作用。另外,简述了低聚型表面活性剂和其他新型表面活性剂的结构及应用。     

Deposition of UF5 on the surface of steel material having oxide coating in contact with gaseous UF6

When UF6 is handled in leak tight system, the amount of uranium compound formed on the surface of containers, valves, and others in UF6 handling facilities is not so significant for a short term that special attention has not been given to this problem. The present work was done to throw some more light on this problem based on the recent experiment. We discuss the possibility that the intermolecular transfer of a fluorine atom from UF6 to UF5 may participate in the formation of uranium compound. The discussion includes also the unique features contained in the experimental result, the reaction processes assumed in this problem, and the derivation of a rate equation for expressing the deposition of uranium compound. Furthermore, we propose a new method for determining nonlinear parameters included in a governing differential equation having two variables for expressing the deposition of uranium compound from experimental raw data.     

Perfluorocarbons in Chemical Biology

Perfluorocarbons, saturated carbon chains in which all the hydrogen atoms are replaced with fluorine, form a separate phase from both organic and aqueous solutions. Though perfluorinated compounds are not found in living systems, they can be used to modify biomolecules to confer orthogonal behavior within natural systems, such as improved stability, engineered assembly, and cell-permeability. Perfluorinated groups also provide handles for purification, mass spectrometry, and ¹⁹F NMR studies in complex environments. Herein, we describe how the unique properties of perfluorocarbons have been employed to understand and manipulate biological systems.     

木质素基表面活性剂研究现状

木质素作为一种天然高分子化合物，其来源丰富，可以用来代替石油资源制备表面活性剂，缓解当前石油资源枯竭的问题。常见的木质素基表面活性剂有阳离子表面活性剂、阴离子表面活性剂、两性离子表面活性剂以及非离子表面活性剂。木质素基表面活性剂在工业领域具有广泛的应用范围，可以作为染料分散剂、混凝土减水剂、沥青乳化剂以及原油采集过程中的驱油剂等。木质素基表面活性剂的开发利用为生物质产品的高值化利用开辟了一条新的路径。     

Collection efficiency of liquid‐based samplers for fungi in indoor air

This study assessed the collection efficiency (CE) of two popularly used sampling devices (BioSampler and Coriolis sampler) for fungal aerosols. Phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) supplemented with or without surfactant (Tween‐20, Tween‐80, or Triton X‐100) and antifoam agent was prepared and used as collection liquids. The agar impactor (BioStage) was simultaneously operated with liquid‐based samplers to collect fungi from seven sites located at a university building, public library, and animal farming. Fungal concentrations determined by liquid samplers were divided by those by BioStage, and the ratio values represented CE. Results indicate that the CE of BioSampler was superior to that of Coriolis (P = 0.0001) and the PBS containing surfactant collected fungi better than that without surfactant (P < 0.0001), whereas antifoam agent showed no influence (P = 0.8). Moreover, fungal concentrations determined by BioSampler with surfactant‐added PBS were statistically indifferent from those by BioStage (P > 0.05) with a Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.81‐0.83 (P < 0.01). In addition to sampler and collection liquid, sampling location was also identified as a significant CE factor (P = 0.006), implying potential influences by fungal genera in the studied fields. Overall, BioSampler with surfactant‐supplemented PBS (eg, Triton X‐100) is recommended considering the great CE and compatibility with a variety of analytical assays.     

磺基琥珀酸双2-丁基辛酯钠盐的合成及表面活性测定

以马来酸酐和2-丁基辛醇为原料,经酯化得到相应的双酯,以乙醇作混相促进剂,使双酯与亚硫酸氢钠进行磺化反应,合成了磺基琥珀酸双2-丁基辛酯钠盐。采用正交试验对酯化反应条件进行了优化。合成产物的临界胶束浓度(cmc)值为3.58×10-6mol/L,表面张力(γcmc)为27.568mN/m。     

清洁压裂液在煤层气井压裂中的应用

清洁压裂液自1997年首次被斯伦贝谢公司研制出以来，已经在国内外油气井的压裂改造中取得了良好的效果。由于清洁压裂液易于彻底破胶、流变性好、携砂能力强，可以提高压裂规模且对地层伤害较小，中联煤层气有限责任公司在陕西省韩城地区选用清洁压裂液对煤层进行了压裂试验，共压裂3口井、8层煤层，施工成功率100%，并取得了良好的压裂效果，压完后的火把高度2～4 m，平均砂比均在30%以上，最高单层加砂68 m³，压后放喷液显示完全破胶（未添加任何破胶剂），放喷初期黏度一般低于10 mPa·s，放喷4 ｈ后黏度均低于5 mPa·s。此次清洁压裂液成功应用于煤层压裂改造在国内外尚属首次，为大规模改造煤层同时尽量降低煤层伤害提供了一条新的途径，文章对清洁压裂液及煤层特点所做的室内研究情况及现场应用情况进行了详细的介绍。     

高分子表面活性剂对超声辐照下苯乙烯乳液聚合的影响

在超声辐照引发苯乙烯乳液聚合中加入一种新型的以羧甲基纤维素为基础的高分子表面活性剂(CMC—A9)，讨论了高分子表面活性剂对反应动力学的影响。实验表明，超声辐照下初级自由基并非由通常认为的高分子表面活性剂产生，而是十二烷基硫酸钠在超声辐照下断裂，产生自由基。通过对反应动力学的研究，发现超声辐照下乳液聚合机理不同于常规乳液聚合，聚合反应过程只有两个阶段，即加速期和减速期，不存在恒速期。加入CMC—A9高分子表面活性剂，可以在较短的时间内和较低的超声功率下达到较高的单体转化率。